What do the winners do right in the biathlon relay?

Fri 14 Nov 2025 13:05

In a recent study from Mid Sweden University, researchers Marko Laaksonen and Glenn Björklund have analyzed what really determines success in biathlon relays. The results challenge old notions of what is most important in this complex sport.

Stafettlag i skidskytte med bronsmedaljer.

The study shows that there are clear differences between what determines success for women's and men's teams.

"For women, it is the shooting moment that is most crucial, especially during the second and fourth legs. Shorter time on the shooting range correlates strongly with better finishing position," says Marko Laaksonen.

"For men, it is the skiing during the third and fourth legs that plays the biggest role. Slower skiing times for teams outside the top three show that speed in the track is the key to a medal," says Glenn Björklund.

Skiing meets precision

Biathlon is a unique combination of physical endurance and mental acuity. In the relay format, the composition of the team and the performance of each participant will be decisive. The researchers have reviewed data from 12 World Cup competitions over two seasons, where 20 teams per competition have been analyzed based on skiing time, shooting moments, penalty rounds and number of shots.

Tactical line-up can give an advantage

By understanding which elements are most critical during different parts of the relay, coaches can optimize their team lineup. A fast shooter on the women's fourth leg or a strong skier on the men's third can be crucial to reaching the podium.

The science behind the victory

This study not only provides insight into the mechanisms of elite sports, it also shows how data analytics can be used to improve performance. In a sport where every second counts, the right strategy can be the difference between gold and oblivion.

Read the full study in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.